Uso de Sistema de terapia al vacío en cierre de gastrosquisis complicada: reporte de caso / Vacuum-assisted device in gastroschisis

La gastrosquisis constituye una patología grave neonatal que plantea un reto para el cirujano y es una emergencia quirúrgica. En la mayoría de casos, el cierre de la fascia en los casos de gastrosquisis puede realizarse primariamente o después de colocar una bolsa de Silo. Presentamos el caso de unpaciente masculino de 34 semanas por Ballard con gastrosquisis; a quien se le coloco bolsa estéril (Silo) al nacer y presentó dehiscencia parcial de lamisma y evisceración, en seis ocasiones durante un período de tres semanas. Por lo que se colocó sistema de terapia al vació sobre bolsa de plástico estéril fenestrada, realizando tres cambios y logrando el cierre completo del defecto a los 17 días. El sistema de terapia al vacío puede utilizarse comouna alternativa cuando la bolsa de Silo no puede cerrar el defecto abdominal en pacientes con gastrosquisis.

Gastroschisis is a serious neonatal pathology and a surgical emergency. A general procedure for closure of the abdominal wall defect is by primary closureor by placing a protectve ¨silo¨. We report the case of male neonate born at 34 gestatonal weeks with gastroschisis. A Silo bag was placed at birth butpresented dehiscence and partal abdominal evisceraton six tmes during a three week period. A vacuum-assisted device was used over a fenestratedsilo. Three vacuum changes were performed achieving complete closure of the abdominal wall defect in 17 days. The use of vacuum-assisted device isan alternatve when closure of the abdominal wall defect of gastroschisis cannot be achieved with the use of a silo.

Proposta de um plano de cuidados imediatos do enfermeiro ao recém-nascido com gastrosquise, baseado no NANDA/NIC / Proposal for a plan of immediate nursing care to the newborn with gastroschisis, NANDA/NIC based

A gastrosquise é uma malformação congênita, caracterizada pelo fechamento incompleto da parede abdominal durante a quarta semana de gestação e situada à direita do umbigo. Objetivou-se propor plano de cuidados imediatos do enfermeiro ao recém-nascido com gastrosquise, baseado no NANDA/NIC. Realizou-se um levantamento bibliográfico na literatura científica nacional e internacional com publicações sobre o tema, a fim de localizar as propostas de cada autor. Utilizaram-se livros e busca on-line para complementar o estudo. O recorte temporal se deu a partir do ano de 2005 até 2010, considerando estudos mais recentemente publicados sobre gastrosquise e os cuidados imediatos do enfermeiro. Os fatores de risco estudados são: exposição a fármacos, idade materna, tabagismo e exposição a substâncias químicas. Foi proposto um plano de cuidados, de acordo com os diagnósticos de enfermagem NANDA e suas intervenções NIC, a partir dos problemas levantados na literatura, que são: padrão ineficaz de alimentação do bebê; deglutição prejudicada; constipação; risco de choque; risco de paternidade ou maternidade prejudicada; risco de vínculo prejudicado; tensão do papel do cuidador; risco de infecção; risco de comportamento desorganizado do bebê; risco de desequilíbrio do volume de líquidos; risco de aspiração; integridade da pele prejudicada; integridade tissular prejudicada; risco de perfusão tissular gastrointestinal ineficaz; dor aguda; risco de desequilíbrio na temperatura corporal, visando uma assistência única de qualidade e holística, visto que se trata de um tema pouco difundido e que ainda requer muitos estudos.

Does administering albumin to postoperative gastroschisis patients improve outcome?

OBJECTIVES: Newborns who undergo surgery for gastroschisis correction may present with oliguria, anasarca, prolonged postoperative ileus, and infection. New postoperative therapeutic procedures were tested with the objective of improving postoperative outcome. PATIENTS AND METHODS: One hundred thirty-six newborns participated in one of two phases. Newborns in the first phase received infusions of large volumes of crystalloid solution and integral enteral formula, and newborns in the second phase received crystalloid solutions in smaller volumes, with albumin solution infusion when necessary and the late introduction of a semi-elemental diet. The studied variables were serum sodium and albumin levels, the need for albumin solution expansion, the occurrence of anasarca, the length of time on parenteral nutrition, the length of time before initiating an enteral diet and reaching a full enteral diet, orotracheal intubation time, length of hospitalization, and survival rates. RESULTS: Serum sodium levels were higher in newborns in the second phase. There was a correlation between low serum sodium levels and orotracheal intubation time; additionally, low serum albumin levels correlated with the length of time before the initiation of an oral diet and the time until a full enteral diet was reached. However, the discharge weights of newborns in the second phase were higher than in the first phase. The other studied variables, including survival rates (83.4 percent and 92.0 percent, respectively), were similar for both phases. CONCLUSIONS: The administration of an albumin solution to newborns in the early postoperative period following gastroschisis repair increased their low serum sodium levels but did not improve the final outcome. The introduction of a semi-elemental diet promoted an increase in body weight at the time of discharge.

Gastroschisis: preterm or term delivery?

AIM: The main objective of this study was to evaluate the association between prematurity and the time to achieve full enteral feeding in newborns with gastroschisis. The second objective was to analyze the associations between length of hospital stay and time to achieve full enteral feeding with mode of delivery, birth weight and surgical procedure. METHODS: The medical records of newborns with gastroschisis treated between 1997 and 2007 were reviewed. Two groups were considered: those delivered before 37 weeks (group A) and those delivered after 37 weeks (group B). The variables of gestational age, mode of delivery, birth weight, time to achieve full enteral feeding, length of hospital stay and surgical approach were analyzed and compared between groups. RESULTS: Forty-one patients were studied. In Group A, there were 14 patients with a mean birth weight (BW) of 2300 g (range=1680-3000) and a mean gestational age (GA) of 36 weeks (range=34-36). In group B, there were 24 patients with a mean BW of 2700 g (range=1500-3550) and a mean GA of 38 weeks (range=37-39). The mean time to achieve full enteral feeding was 30.1±6.7 days in group A and 17.0±2.5 days in group B (p=0.09) with an OR of 0.82 and a 95 percent CI of 0.20-3.23 after adjustment for sepsis and BW. No statistical difference was found between low BW (<2500 g), mode of delivery and number of days to achieve full enteral feeding (p=0.34 and p=0.13, respectively). Patients with BW over 2500 g had fewer days in the hospital (22.9±3.1 vs. 35.7±5.7 days; p=0.06). CONCLUSION: The results of this study do not support the idea of anticipating the delivery of fetuses with gastroschisis in order to achieve full enteral feeding earlier.

Gastrosquisis / Gastrochisis

A través del uso de ultrasonido como tamizaje de malformaciones en el primer y segundo trimestre, pueden detectarse fetos con anomalías estructurales. La gastrosquisis es un defecto abdominal paraumbilical, ubicado generalmente sobre el lado derecho, que compromete las capas de la pared anterior del abdomen; del que se detallan su posible diagnóstico, anomalías asociadas, y manejo prenatal.